Caribbean Music - 1076 Words

CARIBBEAN MUSIC Introduction: Caribbean music originated from the Caribbean Islands, also known as the West Indies, and is a mixture of West African and European predominantly Spanish influences. The music has its origin when West African slaves were brought to Caribbean Island. They composed music with the help of percussion instruments like drums, bells and shakers. The music had unique musical style elements with special tempo-setting rhythms created by claves or bells, multi-layered and syncopated rhythms and songs which were in the form of call-and-response formats. The European influence came through the usage of guitar, Spanish dance styles along with the use of Western European type of harmony. There are different types of†¦show more content†¦Calypso rhythms were first sung by the African slaves who were brought to work in Trinidad and they were forbidden to talk to each other. This music form was the only way of communication for them. Banana Boat Song is one of the most popular, internationally known calypso songs. While, Soca was a modern form of calypso with a high speed beat, rapso was considered to be a fusion of American rap music with soca which was created to narrate the everyday experiences of people. Though there are varied forms of Caribbean music, roots reggae has gained the most amount of popularity across the globe owing to the contributions of the legendary, Boy Marley (1945-1981), a Jamaican singer, guitarist, songwriter who was successful in initiating the roots reggae music and make it world famous. He formed a group called the Wailers which was one of the main reasons for roots reggae to gain widespread popularity. He started his career as a musician in 1961 when he formed his group, Rudeboys, which he renamed as The Wailing Wailers. This name was rechristened as The Wailers and their first composition was in the ska style. By the end of the decade, The Wailers became very well-known for their Caribbean music however, were not known in the international arena. They gained immense popularity and became world famous with their album, Catch A Fire. This led to reggae form of Caribbean music joining the family of internationally acclaimedShow MoreRelatedMusic in the Caribbean1264 Words   |  6 PagesMusic is â€Å"The art of arranging sounds in time so as to produce a continuous, unified, and evocative composition, as through melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre† ( Farlex, Inc 2013). Caribbean music has its own unique history, is very diverse with each island having its own unique genre of music. With so many different types of music out there and different performing artists these artists are looking for ways to make money by becoming popular. Music in the Caribbean was first developed by the NeoRead More Degradation of Women in Caribbean Music Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesattention, playing on their sense of eroticism. The sections titled â€Å"Music, Sex, Sexism† and â€Å"Woman Rising† within Peter Manuel’s text: Caribbean Currents, dive into the many issues surrounding gender within music as well as female portrayal specifically in calypso. Observations can be made simply by reading through the textual comparisons. Many aspects of this subject area allude to the fact that the issue of gender portrayal in music can be construed differently depending on who the critical listenerRead MoreMusic in the Caribbean3392 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ Music in the Caribbean The genre of Caribbean Music encompasses a diverse variety of musical styles and traditions from islands that are located in the Caribbean Sea and it represents something that is simple, exotic yet rich and wonderful. The styles range anywhere from traditional folk genres such as the Puerto Rican aguinaldo and Jamaican mento to more contemporary music such as salsa and reggae. They are each syntheses of African, European, Indian and Indigenious influences, largely createdRead MoreCuba: A Profile Essay example1092 Words   |  5 PagesKnown for its beauty, extravagant tourist’s attractions, and quality cigars, the Caribbean island of Cuba, a totalitarian communist state, is a multiracial society with a population of mainly Spanish and African origin. The nation is officially known as the Republic of Cuba; it consists of the Island of Cuba, the Isle of Youth and some adjacent small islands. Cuba lies just ninety miles south of Key West, Florida; therefore its climate is subtropical or temperate. The average minimum temperatureRead MoreThe World Cup Of The Middle Of A Crowd Singing1628 Words   |  7 Pagescah we name World Cup!† Every Friday night at ten o’clock, I find myself in the middle of a crowd singing these lyrics at the top of my lungs. Comfortable vibes, nice music, and people from all over Broward and Miami-Dade County, gather at Runway Doral to represent their beautiful Caribbean nationalities. As I dance to the soca music and sing along to Popcaan’s â€Å"World Cup†, I always find myself appreciating my culture more than ever before. With my hands in the air, and my mind far from reality, IRead MoreUnique Caribbean Festival 819 Words   |  3 Pages Unique Caribbean Festival A festival is a specific period of the year designated for feasting, celebrating, exhibitions and competitions. However, a unique festival is a festival with extraordinary characteristics, and it is specific to an island or region they are not celebrated anywhere else. In the Caribbean each island has its own unique, extraordinary culture which can be seen by the exciting and enticing festivals; almost every island hosts an annual festival celebrating its uniqueRead MoreAmerican Institutional And Intellectual Life Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotype was no more than a myth or at least a gross generalization. He uses slave revolts and the persistence of African culture in American in music, dance, and language as evidence to prove this. Stanley Elkins argues in, Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life, that the ‘Sambo’ personality existed in North America and the Caribbean due to the repression of slaves’ rights, and their complete dependence on their masters. He starts with the assumption that the ‘Sambo’ stereotypeRead More The End to Slavery in the Caribbean Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe End to Slavery in the Caribbean The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) was the first successful slave revolt in the Caribbean, and it was one of the most important events in the history of the Americas. Along with the obvious human rights benefits that the Haitian Revolution achieved, there were some serious setbacks for the nation as well. Between 1783 and 1789, Saint Domingue was the foremost sugar producer in the region, but by the end of the war the economy was completely destroyedRead MoreAn Active Role in Shaping History Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesAn Active Role in Shaping History From the beginning of their colonization and enslavement, the histories of the Africans and the African-descended were shaped ultimately by outsiders. The colonization of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America were all controlled and executed by the Europeans. The slave trade and plantations were also under the power of whites. Even the emancipation of slaves, though the African-descended definitely contributed, was mostly shaped by and a result of decisionsRead MoreBrazil And Caribbean Culture Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesWithin Brazil and the Caribbean lies a racial mixture of cultures. Since the 1930s the people have, overall, enthusiastically adopted the notion that racial and cultural mixture defines this regions national identity (Samba 1). This region consists of a very historic background which has shaped the beliefs and customs of celebration, music and dance. Sugar cane was brought to the new world

A Brief Note On Achievement Motivation And Culture

2.1. ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND CULTURE Culture, according to E. B. Tyloe â€Å"is that complex whole which include knowledge, beliefs arts, moral, low, custom and othercapabilities acquired by man as a member of a society† quoted in (Nwachukwu C. B. 2000, P. 20). In a similar vein, the concept of culture is a huge one, separating human beings from their culture is impossible. Culture is deep rooted than obvious characteristic like gender, skin colour, race, and physical disabilities (Jashigin 1989, P.20). Wlodkoloki and Ginsberg, described culture as â€Å"the deeply learned confluence of language values beliefs and behavious that pervade every aspect of a person’s life, and ... is continually undergoing mirror changes† (Wlodkoroski Ginsberg, 1995, P.7). Because culture encompasses such a huge part of people, it plays a large and important role in the motivation of those same individuals. That culture and Achievement Motivation are related seems obvious â€Å"We know that culture, is the deeply learned mix of language, beliefs, values and behaviour that provides every aspect of our lives, significantly influences our motivation. In fact social scientists today regard the cognitive processes as inherently cultural. The language we use to think, the way we travel through our thoughts, and how we communicate cannot be separated from cultural practices and cultural context. If we keep culture in mind, a useful functional definition of Achievement Motivation is to understan d it as a naturalShow MoreRelatedResources: Ch. 7 8 of Discovering Psychology and Motivation and Emotion – Interactive Tutorial758 Words   |  4 PagesMaterial Motivation and Emotion Worksheet Resources: Ch. 7 8 of Discovering Psychology and Motivation and Emotion – Interactive Tutorial Discuss the following as a team and provide a brief summary of the each discussion. The word count for individual answers may vary but your responses should total 500- to 800-words for the entire worksheet. 1. Describe three approaches to motivation. Explain how each approach affects motivation. There are many different types of motivations; some areRead MoreImportance of School Plant to the Teaching-Learning Process1505 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This paper examines school plant and its importance to teaching and learning in the school system. It begins with a brief overview of school plant and relates it to educational planning. It then examines school plant as a concept and explains the teaching learning process. Five (5) importance of school plant are then explained. The paper ends with a conclusion highlighting the main points of the paper. INTRODUCTION It has been observed that many schools are now paying more attentionRead MoreThe Science Behind Learner Motivation And Its Connection With Gamification Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction During Jane McGonagall’s 2010 TED Talk video â€Å"Gaming can make a better world†, she states â€Å"the average young person today in a country with a strong gamer culture will have spent ten thousand hours gaming by age 21†. Such numbers alone should pique the interest of every educator in our country. Young people today spend the same amount of time learning at school as they spend gaming (TED Talk, 2010). Many people view video games as fun, exciting, and adventurous outlets where they canRead MoreDeveloping A Successful Classroom Inclusive Environment Is The Quality Of Teaching926 Words   |  4 PagesForlin (2012) discusses, but with more details than in Alton-Lee (2003) saying that quality teaching for students with diverse abilities has got various characteristics. For example, it has to focus on student’s achievement, to make clear links between the curriculum and the student’s culture, and to respond the learning processes. Foreman (2014 ) adds that quality teaching is also related to providing a feedback that helps with the students’ self-regulation and scaffolds their learning. Moreover, itRead MoreResearch and Topic1860 Words   |  8 Pagesliterature review demonstrates THOROUGHNESS – you have looked at key scholars and studies, current and classic research, you have explored key aspects of the topic. skills: search, note taking, analysis, organization QUALITY RELIABILITY – articles are mostly from peer-reviewed journals, accuracy of citations. skills: search, note-taking, cross-checking , organization SYNTHESIS – you can connect research studies and ideas to each other and use them to elaborate and support your thesis. skills: analysisRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility At Adam Smith s The Wealth Of Nations Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishes that corporate social responsibility is important because it enhances the brand image, differentiation, and reputation of the business; increases stakeholder loyalty; decreases operating costs; and results in employee engagement and motivation. Brief Overview of Corporate Social Responsibility There is no universally acclaimed definition of what CSR is; rather its theoretical function is defined independently from entity to entity. However, according to Crowther Aras (2008), the conventionalRead MoreThe Factors Of Social Psychology1021 Words   |  5 Pagescomputer hacker under the alias â€Å"Neo†. The social principle that applies to Neo’s character of being a very informational influence. To give a brief summary, Neo is â€Å"awoken† from a simulation of what life is, to the cruel reality which is the exact opposite of everything he’s known. Neo experiences all the characteristics of being in an unusual environment and culture, which include but not limited to denial, acceptance, etc. The reason why influences plays a part is because Neo is motivated by the beliefRead MoreDelegation1252 Words   |  6 Pagesrefers to the management process of identifying the mission and the values of the organization and developing strategies for their i mplementation. It involves discovering and defining the purpose that brings the organization into being as well as the culture or character that defines how things are done. Planning involves the development of organizational strategies-the goals, objectives and actions of the organization. It determines the specific, attainable, measurable results that the organization wantsRead MoreOutline How an Organisation Motivates Its Employees2124 Words   |  9 Pages | | | | |Assignment title |Assignment 2; Human Resource Management Theories of Motivation and Reward Systems | |In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. | |IndicateRead MoreEssay about Exploring the Possibility of Merit Pay for Teachers1277 Words   |  6 Pagesrecommendations for the reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) and his education plan include provisions to award merit pay to teachers in an attempt to obtain and retain effective teachers as measured by student academic achievement. These proposals are supported by budgeted funding for the 2011 fiscal year with additional funding included in the optional, competitive 1.35 billion Race to the Top Fund. A number of different merit pay systems exist. Some reward entire

Operation Management Planning - Scheduling - and Controlling

Question: Discuss about the Operation Management for Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. Answer: Introduction Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd is a company that helps in manufacturing and designing custom built kitchen cabinetry (White Pages - Search for an Australian Business, Government Department or Person, 2016). The company was founded by Fung and Mei Chen. The organization is facing many operational issues such as cost, inventory process, etc. The content of this essay comprises of current production system and its processes, the effect of the new builders and the organizational issues that are being created by the operational problems. Analysis and Discussion Current production system and processes of Hawkesbury Cabinets The company operates using a single manufacturing facility. The operation of the company that is provided in Mulgrave includes manufacture of both standard and custom kitchen cabinets (White Pages - Search for an Australian Business, Government Department or Person, 2016). The equipment that is required for high quality machines provides flexibility that is very much required for various cabinets that are custom designed. Painting and Finishing of the kitchen cabinets are done in an environmentally controlled way (Khanna, 2015). Various assembly areas are strategically located throughout the organization. The quality of products that is produced by the factory is held high esteem and it helps in reflecting the quality of the chosen material. The factory is facing some issues due to its recent processes and practices of operation (Sodhi et al., 2012). The problems that are faced by the company include lack of spacious manufacturing area, lack of stringent delivery requirement, and manufacture of price sensitive products. According to Slack (2015), the production cost and stringent delivery system helps in highlighting the large-scale production at low cost. It help the companies in producing huge amount of products that are offered at low prices to the customers On the other hand Stadtler (2015), stated that for attracting more number of customers, sometimes the company provides products at lower prices but those products are not good at quality. It is impossible for any organization to provide products, which are best in quality at lower prices. According to Kerzner (2013), the operation management helps an organization in implementing strategic processes and objectives. One of the most important of operation management is effectively managing the resources of the company by maximizing the potentiality of the products the operation management of an organization includes inventory, processes, resources and materials. On the other hand, stated that Stadtler (2015), operation management is dependent on different component of an organization for achieving success. Even if the management builds proper plans if it is not carried out properly then the business of the organization fails. Therefore, co-ordination is very much important for achieving success within the organization. The operation management of the company uses different process such as manufacturing cabinets in small groups in order to increase the sales of the company and for meeting the demands of the company (Anderson et al., 2015). Although the company has implemented different operation management, it is facing some of the problems that are related with cost, delivery requirement and manufacturing. It is necessary for an organization to have a proper operation and production system, which helps in enhancing the financial condition of the company as well as helps in meeting the demands of the customers. The effect of the new builders kitchen line on Hawkesbury Cabinets operations The sales of the new builders have increased recently. This increased number of sales had led to more regular scheduling of work. However, when scheduling related trade-off is made then priority is provided to the custom kitchen (White Pages - Search for an Australian Business, Government Department or Person, 2016) This is due to high sales and profit margins. Many cabinet components were left around the different stages of completion, which increases the amount of work. This has changed the spacious area of manufacturing into factory congested with partial work. According to Rice (2013), proper manufacturing system is very much important for the development of an organization. Proper manufacturing system not only reduces the cost of the product and increases efficiency but also it introduces some new systems that help in developing skills in the staffs that helps in supporting the changes in the organization. Producing work quickly by the staff of the company helps in increasing the revenue of the company. On the other hand Kerzner (2013), implementing proper manufacturing process requires help from the production staff of the organizations. They help the company, as they are the persons who can increase the rate of production by being involved in the organization. They serve as a resource for the company. Employees of the organization also put efforts to that the manufacturing process of the organization is made effective. According to Stadtler (2015), JIT is defined as a strategy that helps in suggesting are wasteful for the resources of the company. The business equity that is tied up with the inventories of finished goods interferes with the cash flow. The perfect JIT scenario is very much necessary in an organization as it helps in purchasing and delivering products and goods at the time when the products and goods are required. Organizational issues due to operational problems Accountant of the company revealed the fact that the margins of cost are not appropriate. Costs related with standard builders line were rising. As a result, an increasing volume of capital was binded in the inventory process of raw materials (White Pages - Search for an Australian Business, Government Department or Person, 2016). In order to accommodate the increased amount of inventory, warehouses were being rented. Mei Chen was concerned with the increasing lead times due to booth the standard and custom orders. According to Subramanian and Ramanathan (2012), there are many challenges that are faced by different organization due to the operational problems. Due to improper manufacturing process, the organization faces many issues. The demands of the customers are not met due to lack of proper manufacturing process (Krajewski et al., 2013). The customers want quality based product at low prices and the efforts of the company to provide products at reasonable prices put them on danger. Many times due to the effort of minimizing the cost of the products in order to attract more number of customers, put the financial status of the company in danger. The revenue of the company decreases. On the other hand Slack (2015), stated that if an organizations did not improve their operational management then the problems that are associated with the operational management keep the whole organization in danger. Therefore, it is very important for an organization to meet the demands of the customers without affecting the financial condition of the company. The challenges that different organization faces is due to lack of proper production and operation management. For resolving the issues of an organization, it is very much important to implement proper strategies for production and operation management of the organization. Conclusion It is concluded that the organization Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd faces many operational issues due to the processes and practices that is followed in the company. The problems that the organization faces mainly due to lack of spacious manufacturing area, lack of stringent delivery requirement, and manufacture of price sensitive products. In this essay, it is analyzed that the cost of the organization is not appropriate. Costs related with typical builders line were increasing. Hence, a growing volume of capital was binded in the inventory process of raw materials. References Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2015).An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Khanna, R. B. (2015).Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013).Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Rice, A. K. (2013).Productivity and social organization: The Ahmedabad experiment: Technical innovation, work organization and management. Routledge. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Sodhi, M. S., Son, B. G., Tang, C. S. (2012). Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management.Production and Operations Management,21(1), 1-13. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Subramanian, N., Ramanathan, R. (2012). A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), 215-241. White Pages - Search for an Australian Business, Government Department or Person. (2016).Whitepages.com.au. Retrieved 24 August 2016, from https://www.whitepages.com.au/hawkesbury-cabinets-pty-ltd-10732747/richmond-nsw-10732756B

Odysseus By Homer Essays (813 words) - Greek Mythology, Mythology

Odysseus By Homer Odysseus by Homer The Odyssey, written by Homer, tells the story of Odysseus andhow he faced misfortune in his attempts to return home after the Trojan war. Odysseus is not famous for his great strength or bravery, but for his ability to deceive and trick. From his misfortunes he learned to be a better man and became able to regain his place in his homeland of Ithaca. During his journeys Odysseus often makes the mistake of bragging to his enemies but learns that doing this gives his enemies a chance to seek revenge against him. After leaving Troy, Odysseus attacks the land of the Cicones. Instead of leaving after his victory he satys to celebrate until a force is gathered against him. He must then flee after many of his men are killed. Afterwards Odysseus and his crew land on the island of the Cyclops. they are attacked and someof the men are eaten by Polyphemus. After getting the giant Cyclops drunk, Odysseus and his medn blind the monster with a spear in his one eye. The could have made an escape without misfortune but Odysseus mocked Polyphemus and shouted his real name, when before Odysseus had told Polyphemus that his name was Noman. With this new information Polyphemus prays to his father, Peoeidon, to have Odysseus and his men punished. because he agnered Peoceidon, Odysseus must wander throughout the sea while his men slowly die one by one . Odysseus learns that bragging can have ill effects and uses this knowledge on the island of Phaecians and Ithaca when he does not openly brag about his deeds and his journeys. Odysseus also learns to pay close attention to the instructions of the gods, or he might have to face a terrible price. When Odysseus and his crew landed at the island of Aeolus, they were given a parting gift that would have helped if they had paid attention to the warnings of Aeolus. He gave Odysseus a bag full of the bad winds tha would keep them from their home of Ithaca. Odysseus and his crew were in sight of the homeland they had waited so long to see, when a hand of rebel crewmen opened the bag, because they thought it contained treasures, creating a great gale that blew them back to Aeolus. When Aeolus saw this he believed that Odysseus was cursed and banished him from the island. this is not the only time Odyseus was betrayed by his men and suffered a great price. When they landed on the island of Hyperion, bad winds prevented them from leaving. Food soon became low, and when Odysseus was asleep, the crew killed the cows of Hyperion against the gods warnings. Hyperion was en raged to see this and had all of Odysseus' men killed in a great storm. Odysseus learns that the gods must be respected in order for any man to succeed. On the island of the Cicones, and with his encounter with Polyphemus, Odysseus learns that bragging can bring great misfortune. On Ithaca Odysseus never brags to the suitors and is able to enter his house with the Antinous and the other suitors knowing his real identity. He takes the punishment of Antinous and the other suitors without saying a word and is able to see those who have invaded his house. Odysseus is able to see who is loyal and who is not and take his revenge with the suitors never knowing who he was until the final moment. Odysseus also learns to respect the gods. when he landed on Aesea, the island of CIrce, he follows the instructions given to him by Hermes so that he can overcome Circe and free his men. Odysseus follows the instructions that Circe had given him very closely, entering and leaving hades without misfortune and using wax in the ears of his cre to pass the Sirens. Odysseus becomes a better man throughout his journeys and is ale to return to his homeland to regain his kingdom. After spending years with the goddes Calypso Odysseus is offered a choice of either living on the island with Calypso and becoming immortal like the gods, or he could retun to his wife and country and be

Defining the American Dream Essay

Defining the American Dream Essay Defining the American Dream Essay Many Americans regardless of their color, race, or gender hold many dreams and goals. Some of these dreams can be reached; others unfortunately, might not be reached. Some Americans dream of becoming rich while others dream of getting rid of a disease. All of these dreams come from the heart and the ability to hope for great possibilities. The American Dream to me means being kind, decent, and respectful of others no matter what the cost. I am not talking about being a doormat either. It’s about supporting your neighbors and helping someone in need if you can. Helping someone can be as simple as having a conversation with a complete stranger and just asking them how they are today. This is only one of many ways to show you care about others. I do my best to live up to it, but invariably I fall short at times in the midst of parenting my three children to act appropriately in public. But life isn't about how many times you fail, it is about the successes! Thomas Edison exemplifies the behavior I am describing. He struggled many times and failed while trying to make the light bulb work over many years. When he finally had success with it, well the rest is history. He is not remembered as the guy who wasted years of his life failing at something; he is remembered as the man who invented the incandescent bulb. We s hould all hope to leave such a mark on humanity. I feel that the "American Dream" of yesterday is no longer the "American Dream" of today. According to my Grandmother, living the "American Dream" meant that if you worked hard you could and would live a successful life. This meant you could support yourself and your family and you also felt fulfilled on an individual level. Today, I feel that definition no longer applies. There are many people who work hard and still barely get by. They also may be so busy struggling to support their loved ones that they have no real time to focus on their own wants and needs. It seems to me that now the "American Dream" has become a rather materialistic one in which individuals seek to barely work, but possess many things. I blame it on consumerism and our new obsession with having things complete us. I do believe the American Dream is possible, just that people forgot that America was not built overnight. That same frame of thinking applies to the American Dream. For some it may take decades, for others, it may easily become true in a year, and yet we are all responsible for making it come true for every American citizen. For me it seems to be taking a decade! However, over that decade my personal American Dream has changed form. I remember being in High School and dreaming of meeting the man that I would marry and traveling the world with him. I would dream of visiting places where you’re afraid to eat the food but you do anyway and love it. As I grew older, my dreams began to mature. I did meet the man I would travel the world with. Today however, that dream has changed from traveling the world to owning a beautiful house, land, peaceful life, and to see my children grow into fine successful human beings whom make the best lives for themselves and their future children. Hard work actually means a lot of things like working smarter, better, safer and working much more productive each day. I do not feel that it’s all about hard work either, I believe it is about the effort and

Lemuria the Ancient Roman Day of the Dead

Lemuria the Ancient Roman Day of the Dead The upcoming holiday of Halloween may  derive, in part, from the Celtic holiday of Samhain. However, the Celts weren’t the only ones to appease their dead. The Romans did so at numerous festivals, including the Lemuria, a rite that Ovid traced back to the very founding of Rome. Lemuria and Ancestor Worship The Lemuria took place on three different days in May. On the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth of that month, Roman householders gave offerings to their deceased ancestors to make sure their ancestors didn’t haunt them. The great poet Ovid chronicled Roman festivals in his Fasti. In his section on the month of May, he discussed the Lemuria. Ovid alleged that the festival got its name from â€Å"Remuria,† a festival named for Remus, Romulus’s twin brother whom he killed after founding Rome. Remus appeared as a ghost after his death and asked his brother’s friends to make future generations honor him. Said Ovid, â€Å"Romulus complied, and gave the name Remuria to the day on which due worship is paid to buried ancestors.† Eventually, â€Å"Remuria† became â€Å"Lemuria.† Scholars doubt that etymology, however, instead of supporting the likely theory that Lemura was named for the â€Å"lemures,† one of the several types of Roman spirits. The Ceremony for Celebrating the Dead The Romans believed that there could be no knots present during the ceremony. Some scholars theorize that knots were forbidden to allow natural forces to flow properly. The Romans are known to take off their sandals, and walk in their bare feet while making a sign to ward off evil. This gesture is called mano fica  (literally fig hand).   They would then clean themselves with fresh water and throw black beans (or spit black beans from their mouth). Looking away, they would say, â€Å"These I cast; with these beans, I redeem me and mine. By throwing away beans and what they  symbolize or contain, ancient Romans believed they were removing potentially dangerous spirits from their home. According to Ovid, the spirits would follow the beans and leave the living be. Next, they would wash and bang together pieces of bronze from Temesa in Calabria, Italy. They would ask the shades to leave their home nine times, saying, Ghost of my fathers, go forth! And youre done. Its not black magic as we think of it today, which Charles W. King explains in his essay â€Å"The Roman Manes: the Dead as Gods. If the Romans even had such a concept, it would have applied to â€Å"invoking supernatural powers to harm others,† which doesnt happen here. As King observes, the Roman spirits in the Lemuria arent the same as our modern ghosts. These are ancestral spirits to be propitiated. They might harm you if you don’t observe certain rites, but they’re not necessarily inherently evil. Types of Spirits The spirits Ovid mentions aren’t all one and the same. One particular category of spirits is  the manes, which King defines as the â€Å"deified dead†;  in his Roman Gods: a Conceptual Approach,  Michael Lipka terms them â€Å"the venerable souls of the past.† In fact, Ovid calls the ghosts by this name (among others) in his Fasti. These manes, then, aren’t just spirits, but a kind of god. Such rituals as the Lemuria aren’t only apotropaic- representative of  a type of magic to ward off negative influences- but also  negotiate with the dead in different ways. In other texts, the interaction between the human and the manes is encouraged. Thus, the Lemuria provides an insight into the complexities of the ways the Romans regarded their dead.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But these manes  arent the only sprits involved in this festival.  In Jack J. Lennon’s Pollution and Religion in Ancient Rome, he author mentions another kind of spirit invoked in the Lemuria. These are the  taciti inferi, the silent dead. Unlike the manes, Lennon says, â€Å"these spirits were labeled as harmful and malicious.† Perhaps, then, the Lemuria was an occasion to propitiate different kinds of gods and spirits all at once. Indeed, other sources say the gods worshippers placated at the Lemuria werent the manes, but the lemures or the larvae, which were often conflated in antiquity. Even Michael Lipka terms these different types of spirits â€Å"confusingly similar.† The Romans likely took this holiday as a time to appease all the ghost-gods. Although Lemuria isnt celebrated today, it might have left its legacy in Western Europe. Some scholars theorize that modern All Saints’ Day derives  from this festival (along with another ghostly Roman holiday,  Parentalia). Though that assertion is a mere possibility, Lemuria still reigns supreme as one of the deadliest of all Roman holidays.

The effect of advertisement on consumer behaviour Research Paper

The effect of advertisement on consumer behaviour - Research Paper Example Literature Review The review of literature of the effects of consumer behavior on advertisements have been done with the review of the several factors that guides the consumer behavior and the influence of advertisements in catalyzing those factor that stimulate consumer behavior and decision making for purchase of products and services. The aspect of consumer behavior encompasses the response of the customers from the point of viewing the product to the point of making decision for purchasing it and then going beyond to value the experience after purchase to decide on the acceptability of the product in the long term. The decision making aspect is the most important part of consumer behavior which is influenced by the advertisers through their attempt for promotion of the product and service in the market (Hutt and  Speh 67). The first step that the consumers go through after seeing the product and the service is the recognition of need of the product for use in future. Once the c onsumer has recognized the need of the product, it is considered by them for the purpose of evaluation. In this stage the consumer studies the various options available and the substitutes of the product in the market. In order to judge the aspect of the value for money, the consumer behavior takes into account the relative cost and benefits of the purchase. By comparing the competitor products and the substitutes, the consumers decide to purchase the product based on the several characteristic features which are unique to different age groups of the consumers. These features of the products that influence the consumer behavior and the decision making for purchase are the quality, price, durability, guarantee, discounts, post-sale service... This "The effect of advertisement on consumer behavior" essay outlines how advertisements have influenced the consumer behavior of the young population of Qatar. The consumer behavior of the age group of 18-26 years in Qatar and the effects of advertisements on the consumer behavior of the said age group has been analyzed as follows. Qatar has attracted international investments in the various sectors of the economy and the top retail chains in Qatar have identified this opportunity to set up establishments and expand their business in Qatar. The big names that have tapped the potential consumer demands in Qatar are Carrefour, Marks and Spencer, etc. In this highly competitive market, advertisements by these companies have played a crucial role in influencing the consumer behavior in Qatar. The analysis of the consumers of Qatar in the age group of 18-26 years reveal that this target customer segment is young and energetic which follows the latest changes in the technological advance ments and is aware of the value for money spent for purchase of products. The analysis of the sample questionnaires reveal that the consumers of the age group of 18-26 years in Qatar closely follow the advertisements of the products that they use. These consumers in the Qatari market prefer to socialize with the products by identifying as the best possible option that would satisfy their needs. These consumers are updated with the happenings of the market and even follow the advertisements of the products that they do not use (Kozami 94).